Hand Baggage CT scanner

New Hand Baggage CT scanner

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ECAC Common Evaluation Process of security equipment

ECAC Common Evaluation Process

Classification of XBIS based on the performance to Detect LEDS

Type A: the LEDS screens individual containers and requires containers to be opened for sampling. LAG containers must be removed from cabin baggage.

Type B: the LEDS screens individual containers with no requirement for containers to be opened (original seal remains intact). LAG containers must be removed from cabin baggage.

Type C: the LEDS screens multiple containers with no requirement for containers to be opened (original seal remains intact). LAG containers must be removed from cabin baggage.

Type D: the LEDS screens LAG containers with no requirement for containers to be opened (original seal remains intact). LAG containers do not need to be removed from cabin baggage.

Type D+: the LEDS is additionally capable to screen LAG containers with complex electronics (e.g., laptops) present in cabin baggage.

X-Ray Baggage Inspection system technical specification

X-Ray Baggage Inspection system technical specification

Multiple-beam X-ray scanners

Smiths Detection

Rapiscan Systems

 

Baggage Scanner Makers

Rapiscan Systems
Smiths Detection
L-3 Security and Detection Systems
Astrophysics Inc
Morpho 
VOLTI 
Nuctech 
AS&E
 Autoclear
GILARDONI S.P.A
ADANISYSTEMS Inc.
Eastimage

Airport CT Scanner

• Rapiscan RTT




• CTX Explosives Detection




• L-3 Examiner SX
•  Smiths Detection HISCAN 10080 XCT
• Leidos

FACTS ABOUT BODY SCANNER

FACTS ABOUT BODY SCANNER

Computed Tomography for Airport Security

Watch Computed Tomography (CT) for Airport Security

In Computed tomography (CT) system two-dimensional x-ray images through an object are taken and added together to produce three-dimensional image. The effective atomic number is calculated and materials with the same Z number as explosives can be identified

Millimeter Wave Video Demo

Millimeter Wave Body Scanner.
Millimeter Wave body scanner works in airport

Liquid Explosive Detection Video Demo

Rapiscan Liquid Explosive Detection And Body Scanner

Backscatter Video Demo

Peter Kant of Rapiscan Systems giving demo of Backscatter systems used in airports.

Nuclear Explosion

See a Nuclear Explosion

Combined Test Piece.

The STP or CTP is used to ensure that the performance requirements for X-ray machines set out are met and maintained.Some times it is called Combined Test Piece (CTP) .The STP contains samples of organic and inorganic material, materials for resolution and penetration tests.



 SINGLE WIRE RESOLUTION (TEST No.1)

A set of un-insulated tinned copper wires of size 26, 30, 35, 38, 40 and 42 SWG or corresponding AWG wires are placed on Perspex sheet. The wires are laid out in 'S" shaped curves. 

 The wires are placed behind varying thickness of aluminium. A quarter of the length of each wire is uncovered whilst the remaining 3 quarters are covered by 3 wedges of aluminium, corresponding to 4.8mm (3/16"), 7.9mm (5/16") and 11.1mm (7/16") thickness. The minimum requirement is to display 40 SWG wire not covered by step wedge for most of the machines.  Metallic marker should be provided using high-density material, so that SWG numbers in the Display are clearly visible.

 USEFUL PENETRATION (TEST No.2)

Defines what level of details can be seen behind a thickness of known material. The requirement of this test is that the 26 SWG wire is seen under step wedge of 5/16 thickness of Aluminium. 

MULTI ENERGY X-RAY (TEST No. 3)

With multi-energy X-Ray, it should be possible to distinguish between materials of different average atomic number. The use of sugar and salt samples encapsulated on the test piece of CTP will check the material discrimination facility. A different color of sugar and salt on display  indicate that the sugar/salt samples are shown in different color.

 SIMPLE PENETRATION (TEST No. 4)

This test defines what thickness of steel the machine should be able to penetrate. The steel step wedge on the CTP has steps of 2 mm from 20 mm to 40 mm with a lead strip, 1.5mm in thickness to check that the machine is above or below the requirement. The requirement will be different for different KV machines. 

 SPATIAL RESOLUTION (TEST No. 5)

This test defines the ability of the system to distinguish and display objects which are close together. The CTP has copper plate with three sets of gratings (1.0mm, 1.5mm and

2.0mm). Each set consists of a horizontal group and a vertical group. The requirement is that a vertical and horizontal grating can be seen. 

 THIN METAL IMAGING (TEST No. 6)

This is to test the machine‘s ability to image thin metal. This involves a three thin squares of steel of 0.15mm, 0.10mm and 0.05mm thickness placed in row and the requirement is to image steel strip of 0.1 mm thickness.

 THIN ORGANIC IMAGING (TEST No. 7)

This is to test the machine‘s capability for thin organic imaging. The test object incorporates plastic of various thicknesses and the requirement is to image plastic of 1 mm thickness.

 IQI SENSITIVITY (TEST No. 8)

This is to determine the image quality indicator (IQI) sensitivity of the X-ray system. The requirement is to demonstrate 2% IQI sensitivity.

 The CTP must be placed with its longest dimension parallel to the direction of belt.

 The CTP should be placed in the best position for optimum performance.The optimum position of the STP on the belt depends on the x-ray source and detector arrangements, with the aim being to obtain the best result  possible. 

Only Indians can head airline security

"Only an Indian citizen shall be appointed as chief security officer (CSO) of any Indian air carrier and such CSO would directly report to head of the airlines concerned in all matters of security,'' said the order issued by M Malaviya, addl commissioner of security , BCAS, on September 24.

inline x-ray demo video

Inline machine demo Video

Common Baggage X-Ray ABBREVIATIONS

ACSTL: Air Cargo Screening Technology List
ASAC  Aviation Security Advisory Committee
ASTM:- American Society for Testing and Materials
AWG:- American Wire Gauge
ACBX:Advanced cabin baggage x-ray
BCAS (India):- BUREAU OF CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY
CBRN:- Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear

CBT-Computer Based Operator Training

CC:- Crystal Clear
CE:- Conformité Européene" which literally means "European Conformity". 
CEP: Common Evaluation Process (for Security Equipment)

CFR - Code of Federal Regulations(US)
CONOPS:Concept of Operations

CTP:- Combined Test Piece
DGCA:- Directorate General of Civil Aviation
DFMD:- Door Frame Metal Detector

DFT -Department for Transport(UK)

 DTA- Density Threshold Alert

EDS:- Explosive Detection Systems
EPX:- Enhanced Performance X-ray
ETD  Explosive Trace Detection
ECAC - European Civil Aviation Conference 
HBS:- Hold Baggage Screening
HHMD:- Hand Held Metal Detector
HI-SPOT:- Online local area image enhancement
IM:- Inorganic Material
IMS:- Image Management System
LEDS:liquid explosive detection systems
LAGs:Liquids, Aerosols and Gels
NDS:- Network Display Station
NMS:- Network Management System
OM:- Organic Material
OTP-Operator Training Program 
OTS-Link:- Image download & conversion
TIP:- Threat Image Projection
TSA:-Transportation Security Administration 
SEN:- SUPER ENHANCEMENT
STP :-Standard Test Piece

STAC -Service technique de l'aviation civile(Civil aviation France)

SWG:- Standard Wire Gauge
X-ACT:- Advanced Contents Tracking
XBIS:- X-ray Baggage Inspection System

Film Safe

How Safe is film Airport X-ray Scanners

1. Check what National Association of Photographic Manufacturers in the USA says
2. Check what Kodak says
3. Check what The International Imaging Industry Association says
4. See X-ray Fog Appearance photos
5. Warning Motion Picture, Professional Films and Special Processes

pls dont confuse carry on baggage machine(normal conventional x-ray machine) with checked baggage machine used in US(Explosive detection systems).Still most of the airports use conventional machines.

Radiation Levels

Typical exposure levels that can be experienced with Different types of X-ray systems and some naturally occurring sources

Medical CT (CAT Scan):Up to 1,000,000 microRem

Chest Mammography:Up to 10,000 microRem

Background Radiation Denver (5000 ft): Up to 600 microRem per day

Miami (sea level): Up to 300 microRem per day

Inside vs. outside a building: Up to 25 microRem per day

Airline Passenger Dose One hour flight: Up to 500 microRem per hour

Rapiscan Secure 1000:Less than 10 microRem per exam

Explosive Sniffing Dogs

Explosive-Sniffing Dogs normally can work for up to two hours at a time, then they must take breaks of 20 minutes. Their sensing ability decreases in repetitive duty such as routine bag inspection, their preferred use is for checking an airplane or terminal in the event of a bomb threat, or as a second-tier inspection device for a bag flagged as needing further scrutiny.

Explosive Trace Detection(ETD) Machines

These machines can) Machines detect minute traces (e.g., a millionth of a gram) of explosive residue picked up on a swab. The swab is inserted into the machine, which heats it and samples the vapors for specific chemicals. Trace detection can be used on a random basis, at passenger screening checkpoints, to check the outside of selected carry-on bags for explosive residues. Closed Bag trace detection can be used in combination with EDS machines
Watch Video Demo

 Major companies in this field

Morpho
smiths detection 
Thermo scientific

Automated X-ray Machines

Automated X-ray systems are used for the first level of baggage screening. While not as accurate as EDS machines, they are much faster and much less costly. Typically, they operate at a rate of 1,200 to 1,800 bags/hour, faster than explosive detection systems (EDS). Bags flagged by the automated system as “questionable” are sent to operator station, where a human operator reviews the image on a screen. Those bags not cleared by this second look are routed to an EDS machine. Automated X-ray machine is not sufficient by itself. But it permits the slow and expensive EDS machines to be used only for exceptional bags.

EDS Machines

EDS (explosive detection system) refers to machines that use computerized tomography (CT) technology similar to that used for CT scans in hospitals. By taking hundreds of X-ray pictures of a suitcase from different angles, the device can create three dimensional views of what is inside, including some indication of the relative density of objects.A trained operator can then spot items likely to be explosives. EDS systems processing rate is a slow .